What’s new is old: Comments on (more) archaeological evidence of one-million-year-old fire from South Africa
References
1. Roebroeks W, Villa P. On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;108:5209–5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1018116108
2. Semaw S, Harris JWK, Feibel CS, Bernor RL, Fesseha N, Mowbray K. 2.5 million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia. Nature. 1997;385:333–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385333a0
3.Bellomo R. Methods of determining early hominid behavioral activities associated with the controlled use of fire at FxJj 20 Main, Koobi Fora, Kenya. J Hum Evol. 1994;27:173–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1041
4. Gowlett JAJ, Harris JWK, Walton D, Wood BA. Early archaeological sites, hominid remains, and traces of fire from Chesowanja, Kenya. Nature. 1981;294:125–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294125a0
5. Goren-Inbar N, Alperson N, Kislev ME, et al. Evidence of hominin control of fire at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov. Science. 2004;304:725–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1095443
6. Alperson N, Goren-Inbar N. The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Vol 2: Ancient flames and controlled use of fire. New York: Springer; 2010.
7. Berna F, Goldberg P, Horwitz LK, et al. Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117620109
8. Brain CK, Sillen A. Evidence from Swartkrans Cave for the earliest use of fire. Nature. 1988;336:464–466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336464a0
9.Brain CK. The occurrence of burnt bones at Swartkrans and their implications for the control of fire by early hominids. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave’s chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1993; p. 229–242.
11.Sillen A, Hoering T. Chemical characterization of burnt bones from Swartkrans. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave’s chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1993; p. 243–249.
11. Tylecote RF. Metallurgy in archaeology. London: Arnold; 1962.
12. Wright H, Bailey PW. Fire ecology: United States and Southern Canada. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1982.
13. Brain CK. A taphonomic overview of the Swartkrans fossil assemblages. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave’s chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1993; p. 257–264.
14. Field AS. An analytical and comparative study of the earlier Stone Age archaeology of the Sterkfontein Valley. PhD thesis, Johannesburg, University of the Witwatersrand, 1999.
15. Wrangham RW. Catching fire: How cooking made us human. New York: Basic Books; 2009.
16. Organ C, Nunn CL, Machanda Z, Wrangham RW. Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:14555–14559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107806108
17. Pickering TR, DomÃnguez-Rodrigo M, Egeland CP, Brain CK. Carcass foraging by early hominids at Swartkrans Cave (South Africa): A new investigation of the zooarchaeology and taphonomy of Member 3. In: Pickering TR, Schick K, Toth N, editors. Breathing life into fossils: Taphonomic studies in honor of C.K. (Bob) Brain. Bloomington, IN: Stone Age Institute Press, 2007; p. 233–253.
18. Pickering TR, Bunn HT. Another take on meat-foraging by Pleistocene African hominins: Tracking behavioral evolution beyond baseline inferences of early access to carcasses. In: DomÃnguez-Rodrigo M, editor. Stone tools and fossil bones: Debates in the archaeology of human origins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012; p. 152–173.
2. Semaw S, Harris JWK, Feibel CS, Bernor RL, Fesseha N, Mowbray K. 2.5 million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia. Nature. 1997;385:333–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385333a0
3.Bellomo R. Methods of determining early hominid behavioral activities associated with the controlled use of fire at FxJj 20 Main, Koobi Fora, Kenya. J Hum Evol. 1994;27:173–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1041
4. Gowlett JAJ, Harris JWK, Walton D, Wood BA. Early archaeological sites, hominid remains, and traces of fire from Chesowanja, Kenya. Nature. 1981;294:125–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294125a0
5. Goren-Inbar N, Alperson N, Kislev ME, et al. Evidence of hominin control of fire at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov. Science. 2004;304:725–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1095443
6. Alperson N, Goren-Inbar N. The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Vol 2: Ancient flames and controlled use of fire. New York: Springer; 2010.
7. Berna F, Goldberg P, Horwitz LK, et al. Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117620109
8. Brain CK, Sillen A. Evidence from Swartkrans Cave for the earliest use of fire. Nature. 1988;336:464–466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336464a0
9.Brain CK. The occurrence of burnt bones at Swartkrans and their implications for the control of fire by early hominids. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave’s chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1993; p. 229–242.
11.Sillen A, Hoering T. Chemical characterization of burnt bones from Swartkrans. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave’s chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1993; p. 243–249.
11. Tylecote RF. Metallurgy in archaeology. London: Arnold; 1962.
12. Wright H, Bailey PW. Fire ecology: United States and Southern Canada. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1982.
13. Brain CK. A taphonomic overview of the Swartkrans fossil assemblages. In: Brain CK, editor. Swartkrans: A cave’s chronicle of early man. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1993; p. 257–264.
14. Field AS. An analytical and comparative study of the earlier Stone Age archaeology of the Sterkfontein Valley. PhD thesis, Johannesburg, University of the Witwatersrand, 1999.
15. Wrangham RW. Catching fire: How cooking made us human. New York: Basic Books; 2009.
16. Organ C, Nunn CL, Machanda Z, Wrangham RW. Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:14555–14559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107806108
17. Pickering TR, DomÃnguez-Rodrigo M, Egeland CP, Brain CK. Carcass foraging by early hominids at Swartkrans Cave (South Africa): A new investigation of the zooarchaeology and taphonomy of Member 3. In: Pickering TR, Schick K, Toth N, editors. Breathing life into fossils: Taphonomic studies in honor of C.K. (Bob) Brain. Bloomington, IN: Stone Age Institute Press, 2007; p. 233–253.
18. Pickering TR, Bunn HT. Another take on meat-foraging by Pleistocene African hominins: Tracking behavioral evolution beyond baseline inferences of early access to carcasses. In: DomÃnguez-Rodrigo M, editor. Stone tools and fossil bones: Debates in the archaeology of human origins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012; p. 152–173.
Published
2012-05-22
Section
News and Views