The oldest animal fossils
References
1.Brain CK, Prave AR, Hoffmann KH, et al. The first animals: ca. 760-million-year-old sponge-like fossils from Namibia. S Afr J Sci. 2012;108(1/2), Art. #658, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.658
2.Hoffman PF, Kaufman AJ, Halverson GP, Shrag DP. A Neoproterozoic snowball earth. Science. 1998;281;1342–1346.
3.Russel B. History of Western philosophy. 2nd ed. London: George Allen and Unwin; 1961.
4.Lyell C. Principles of geology. 4th ed. London: John Murray; 1835.
5.Darwin C. On the origin of species. London: John Murray; 1859.
6.Narbonne GM. The Ediacara biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems. Ann Rev Planet Sci. 2005;33:421–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122519
7.Seilacher A. Vendozoa: Organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere. Lethaia. 1989;22:229–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01332.x
8.Amthor JE, Grotzinger JP, Shroeder S, et al. Extinction of Cloudina and Namacalathus at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in Oman. Geology. 2003;31(5):431–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0431:EOCANA>2.0.CO;2
9.Hagodorn JW, Xiao S, Donoghue PCI, et al. Cellular and subcellular structure of Neoproterozoic embryos. Science. 2006;314(5797):291–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133129, PMid:17038620
10.Schopf JW, Packer BM. Early Archean (3.3 to 3.5 billion-year-old) microfossils from the Warrawoona Group, Australia. Science. 1987;237:70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.11539686, PMid:11539686
11.Albani AE, Bengtson S, Canfield ED, et al. Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago. Nature. 2010;466:100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09166, PMid:20596019
12.Han TM, Runnegar B. Megascopic eukaryotic algae from the 2.1-billion-year-old negaunee iron-formation, Michigan. Science. 1992;257(5067):232–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1631544, PMid:1631544
13.Dong L, Xiao S, Shen B, Zhou C. Silicified Horodyskia and Palaeopascichnus from upper Ediacaran cherts in South China: Tentative phylogenetic interpretation and implications for evolutionary stasis. J Geol Soc. 2008;165:367–378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-074
2.Hoffman PF, Kaufman AJ, Halverson GP, Shrag DP. A Neoproterozoic snowball earth. Science. 1998;281;1342–1346.
3.Russel B. History of Western philosophy. 2nd ed. London: George Allen and Unwin; 1961.
4.Lyell C. Principles of geology. 4th ed. London: John Murray; 1835.
5.Darwin C. On the origin of species. London: John Murray; 1859.
6.Narbonne GM. The Ediacara biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems. Ann Rev Planet Sci. 2005;33:421–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122519
7.Seilacher A. Vendozoa: Organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere. Lethaia. 1989;22:229–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01332.x
8.Amthor JE, Grotzinger JP, Shroeder S, et al. Extinction of Cloudina and Namacalathus at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in Oman. Geology. 2003;31(5):431–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0431:EOCANA>2.0.CO;2
9.Hagodorn JW, Xiao S, Donoghue PCI, et al. Cellular and subcellular structure of Neoproterozoic embryos. Science. 2006;314(5797):291–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133129, PMid:17038620
10.Schopf JW, Packer BM. Early Archean (3.3 to 3.5 billion-year-old) microfossils from the Warrawoona Group, Australia. Science. 1987;237:70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.11539686, PMid:11539686
11.Albani AE, Bengtson S, Canfield ED, et al. Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago. Nature. 2010;466:100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09166, PMid:20596019
12.Han TM, Runnegar B. Megascopic eukaryotic algae from the 2.1-billion-year-old negaunee iron-formation, Michigan. Science. 1992;257(5067):232–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1631544, PMid:1631544
13.Dong L, Xiao S, Shen B, Zhou C. Silicified Horodyskia and Palaeopascichnus from upper Ediacaran cherts in South China: Tentative phylogenetic interpretation and implications for evolutionary stasis. J Geol Soc. 2008;165:367–378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-074
Published
2012-01-31
Section
News and Views